Early Signs of Heart Failure in Cats

Cats are experts at hiding illness, which makes detecting early signs of heart failure in cats especially difficult for pet owners. Unlike dogs, who may show more obvious symptoms, cats often exhibit only subtle changes in behavior or activity levels when something is wrong. Because heart disease in cats can progress silently, it’s important to understand what to look for and ensure your pet receives timely veterinary care. In this blog, we’ll explore the early signs of heart failure in cats, common causes, and what to do if you suspect your cat is experiencing heart-related issues. If your cat is showing any signs of illness, the experienced cardiology team at Pinnacle Veterinary Specialists in Glen Mills, PA is here to help. Call us at (610) 477-8797 for expert care.

 

 

What Causes Heart Failure in Cats?

Heart failure in cats typically occurs due to underlying heart disease that weakens the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently. The most common cause is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a condition where the heart muscle thickens and reduces the heart’s ability to circulate blood properly. Other conditions, such as valve disorders, congenital heart defects, and secondary heart disease due to high blood pressure or hyperthyroidism, can also lead to heart failure.

Cats of any age or breed can develop heart disease, but certain breeds—such as Maine Coons, Ragdolls, and Persians—are genetically predisposed to HCM. While some cats may live with heart disease for years without symptoms, others may experience a rapid decline once heart failure begins to develop. Recognizing the early signs of heart failure in cats is crucial for getting prompt veterinary care.

Subtle Early Signs of Heart Failure in Cats

Since cats instinctively hide signs of illness, early indicators of heart failure are often easy to miss. However, pet owners should be aware of even minor changes in their cat’s behavior, energy levels, or breathing patterns. The sooner a cat with heart disease receives medical attention, the better the chances of slowing disease progression.

Increased Respiratory Rate and Effort

One of the earliest and most telling signs of heart failure in cats is increased respiratory rate or labored breathing. A healthy cat typically takes 15–30 breaths per minute at rest. If you notice your cat breathing rapidly, panting, or struggling to catch their breath, it may indicate fluid buildup in the lungs—a common complication of heart failure known as pulmonary edema.

Lethargy and Decreased Activity

Cats experiencing heart failure often exhibit reduced energy levels. While it’s normal for older cats to slow down, a sudden decrease in activity or reluctance to jump, climb, or engage in play could be an early warning sign. If your once-active cat is sleeping more than usual or avoiding their favorite spots, it’s worth discussing with your veterinarian.

Coughing or Gagging

Unlike dogs, coughing is not a common symptom of heart disease in cats. However, in cases of congestive heart failure, a cat may cough or gag, particularly if fluid accumulates in the lungs or around the heart. A persistent, unexplained cough—especially if paired with other symptoms—should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

Loss of Appetite and Weight Changes

Cats with heart failure may experience loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss. This could be due to decreased oxygen circulation affecting digestion or the cat feeling too fatigued to eat. On the other hand, some cats may develop bloating from fluid retention, leading to a distended abdomen. Either scenario should raise concern, as sudden changes in weight can be a sign of serious health issues.

More Advanced Symptoms of Heart Failure

As heart disease progresses, signs of heart failure become more pronounced. At this stage, immediate veterinary attention is necessary.

Difficulty Breathing or Open-Mouth Breathing

In later stages of heart failure, cats may develop severe respiratory distress. Open-mouth breathing, where a cat breathes through its mouth rather than its nose, is an emergency sign of oxygen deprivation. If your cat is gasping for air, get to an emergency vet immediately.

Weakness or Sudden Collapse

As circulation worsens, cats may become weak, wobbly, or even collapse. This is often due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and muscles. Some cats may appear disoriented or struggle to move properly. A cat that suddenly collapses should be rushed to your emergency veterinarian at Pinnacle Veterinary Specialists without delay.

Blue or Pale Gums

A healthy cat’s gums should be a soft pink color. Cats in heart failure may develop blue, pale, or gray gums due to a lack of oxygen in the bloodstream. If you notice discoloration in your cat’s gums, it’s a medical emergency.

Cold Limbs or Hind-Limb Paralysis

A life-threatening complication of feline heart disease is aortic thromboembolism (ATE), or a saddle thrombus—a blood clot that blocks circulation to the hind legs. Cats with ATE often show signs of sudden hind-limb paralysis, cold legs, and extreme pain. This condition requires immediate emergency care.

How Vets Diagnose and Manage Heart Failure in Cats

If you suspect your cat has heart disease, your veterinarian may refer you to Pinnacle Veterinary Specialists. Our cardiologist will perform a thorough physical examination, checking for abnormal heart sounds, fluid buildup, and other signs of heart disease. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Chest X-rays – To detect fluid in the lungs or an enlarged heart
• Echocardiogram (Heart Ultrasound) – A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the heart and provides information about the heart’s structure, function, and blood flow
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) – To assess heart rhythm abnormalities
• Blood Tests – To evaluate organ function and detect underlying conditions

Treatment for heart failure in cats depends on severity. Medications may be prescribed to reduce fluid buildup, improve heart function, or regulate blood pressure. While there is no cure for heart disease, early detection and veterinary care can help manage symptoms and improve a cat’s quality of life.

Prioritizing Your Cat’s Health

Understanding the early signs of heart failure in cats allows pet owners to take action before serious complications arise. Subtle changes in breathing, energy levels, or appetite may be your first clues that something is wrong. If you suspect your cat is showing signs of heart disease, prompt veterinary care is crucial. The expert team at Pinnacle Veterinary Specialists in Glen Mills, PA, is here to provide advanced diagnostics and treatment for cats with heart conditions. Call us at (610) 477-8797 to schedule an evaluation with our cardiologist, Dr. Davison VMD, DACVIM (Cardiology).